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Block structure in the TON blockchain

2 min readupdated 2026-06-06✏️ Suggest an edit🕑 History
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The block in TON It has Flexible structure unlike blockchains with a fixed block size. This allows for efficient storage of different types of data.

Three levels of architecture#

The levelAppointment
MasterchainMain chain, coordinates other, metadata networks
The worker girls .Sub-attaches for protocols or applications
ShardchainsParallel segments of the wormchains

Block layout#

Header in Masterchain

The fieldAppointment
Link to previous blockCryptographic hash → chain consistency
The root hash (root hash)The root of the Merck tree → data integrity
What is the workchain ID ?The shard that owns the block.
The number of the next slotTime to create the next block
Additional dataValidator, limits, version of the protocol

The main part (Body) in shorthand

  • Variable size;
  • The transactions (transfers, contracts and operations);
  • Changes in the balance sheet (balance sheets, storage facilities).

Dynamic sizes

  • Header fixed + small;
  • Body variable → adjusted to the volume;
  • Efficient scalability without loss of productivity.

The Merckle Tree#

  1. Each transaction/fragment is It 's hashed .;
  2. Hashes are paired together → new hashes;
  3. The process continues until the only root hash;
  4. Any modification Changes the hash → manipulations are obvious.

Transaction layout#

The componentContains
The titleLogical time, count, identification
Input dataSending + originating
Data about the actionsSmart contract code + change of state
Outgoing dataMessages to other accounts/shards

More details: TON Transaction Types.

The endless .sharding#

The paradigm of the infinite .sharding:

  • Dynamically generating chords for network needs;
  • Uninterrupted It 's an inter-shard connection .;
  • Balancing the load;
  • Infinite scaling while maintaining performance.

Work chains and parallel processing#

  • The network = a lot of shards (workchains);
  • Everyone is processing transactions . At the same time .;
  • Block headings → overall integrity.

Each block chain contains:

  • The list of transactions;
  • The current status of the accounts and contracts;
  • It's a header with metadata.

Security .#

The mechanismAppointment
The hash functionsThe data integrity
SignedLegitimacy of blocks and transactions
BFT consensus (optional)Decentralized untrusted confirmation
Easy customersLoading only headings → resource-efficient

The advantages#

  • Scalability through dynamic design + sharding;
  • Efficiency through optimized architecture;
  • Flexibility when the load changes;
  • Cryptographically protected data.

Other sources#

Similar articles#

ℹ️ Information verified: 2025

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